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Objective@#This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of externalizing behavior problems (EBPs) and its influencing factors among Hui left-behind children (LBC) in rural China. @*Methods@#A cross-sectional study was conducted among school students from the southern rural areas in Ningxia, China (2012–2013). The general self-made questionnaire, Egma Minnen av Bardndosna Uppforstran, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (for Children), Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale, and Achenbach’s Child Behavior Checklist (for parents) were used to investigate the related information. Binary logistic regressions were conducted. @*Results@#The prevalence of EBPs in boys Hui LBC was significantly higher than that of non-LBC (12.37% vs. 6.84%, χ2=4.09, and p=0.04). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low self-awareness of behavior (odds ratio [OR]=29.78), introversion (OR=21.67) and intermediate personality (OR=15.83), poor academic performance (OR=11.65) and both parent migrating (OR=2.73) were the risk factors for the EBPs of Hui LBC, while middle and high father refusal and denial (OR=0.11, OR=0.09) were their protective factors. @*Conclusion@#Our findings suggest that both parent migrating is a potential risk factor for EBPs among Hui LBC. Hui boys LBC should be paid more attention when formulating relevant policies.
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Objective To explore the relationship among boredom proneness,core self-evaluation and aggression in medical students and to provide clues and evidence for preventing aggression and their relevant interventions.Methods The Boredom Proneness Scale for College Students(C-BPQ),Chinese Version of Buss & Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ-CV)and Core Self-evaluations Scale were employed to investigate 1667 medical students in one medical university in Ningxia.Results There were significant differences between high and low boredom proneness groups in core self-evaluations,total aggression score and each factors (core self-evaluations:(29.67±5.10) vs (41.67±4.64),AQ-CV scores:(36.43±17.18) vs (17.58±12.45),physical aggression:(31.62 ±20.46) vs (17.02 ±15.28),verbal aggression:(37.44±19.03) vs (24.68±17.14),anger:(40.93±22.32) vs (18.85±16.86),hostility:(37.34± 19.41) vs (14.86± 13.57),self-aggression:(35.47 ±21.66) vs (13.57± 14.28),all P＜0.001).There were positive correlation among total score of boredom proneness,internal and external stimuli dimensions,total score of AQ-CV and each factors (P＜0.001) and negative correlation between total score of boredom proneness and core self-evaluation(P＜0.001).There were negative correlation among core self-evaluation score,AQ-CV scores and each factor(P＜0.001).Regression analysis showed that boredom proneness and core self-evaluation could predict the aggression to a certain extent (P＜0.01).Core self-evaluation played a mediating role between boredom proneness and aggression taking 48.25％ proportion of the total effect of the mediation.Conclusion Boredom proneness is closely related to aggressive behavior.Core self-evaluation plays a mediating role between boredom proneness and aggression.
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Objective To investigate the relationships between depression and life events and coping style of left-behind children in Ningxia rural district.Methods 1455 children,between 7 and 15 years old,of which 643 were left-behind children and 812 were non-left-behind children,were selected from six primary schools and two junior middle schools in Ningxia using cluster-random-sampling.All of them were assessed by the Depression Self-rating Scale for Children (DSRSC),Adolescent Self-rating Life Event Checklist (ASLEC) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ).Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between leftbehind children' s depression phenomenon and all items in the questionnaires above,and Hierarchical multiple linear regression were used to analyze the correlative factors associated with depression among left-behind children.Results The detectable rate of left-behind children and non-left-behind children' s depression were respectively 30.30％ and 21.20％,and the former was higher than the later (x2 =15.909,P＜0.01).In the left-behind children group,the depression relevance ratio were significant difference (35.23％ vs.26.52％) between the 7-11 years old group and the 12 to 15 one(P＜0.05).The detectable rate of Han and Hui ethnic children(29.00％ vs.37.14％)had no statistically significance.Except positive replying,left-behind children had got higher scores in all factors of DSRSC,ASLEC and negative replying compared with non-left-behind children.According to the Pearson correlation analysis,the scores of DSRSC had positive correlation with all factors in ASLEC,while had negative correlation with active coping style in SCSQ (P ＜ 0.05).According to hierarchical multiple linear regression,positive replying,passive coping style,health and adaptation and human relationship went into the equation,which were important predictive variables for depression.Conclusion The left-behind children in Ningxia have high detectable rate of depression,and active coping styles are useful buffer for the life events' harmful effects.
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Objective To investigate the detectable rate and correlative factors of behavior problems among Hui nationality left-behind children in Ningxia rural area.Methods 1394 children,between 6 and 15 years old,of which 282 were Hui nationality children and 112 were Hui left-behind children,were selected from six primary schools and two junior middle schools using cluster random sampling method in Yongning,Ningxia.All of them were assessed by the Achenbach 's Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and self-designed General Information Questionnaire.Logistic regression method was used to analyze the correlative factors of behavior problems.Results The detectable rate of behavior problems among Hui nationality children between 6 and 15 years old was 31.25％,which was higher than the Han nationality left-behind children' s(17.84％) and Hui nationality nonleft-behind children' s (14.12％).Among the Hui left-behind children,those who between 6 and 11 years old,had been left alone between 5 and 7,and whose parents exchanging ideas with teachers less than one time a month had higher detectable rates (x2 =14.904,6.327,7.904,P ＜ 0.05).Among the Hui ethnic children,the detectable rates of those who between 6 and 11 yeas old were higher than that of the non-left-behind children' s(P ＜ 0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that Hui ethnic left-behind children between 12 and 15 years old (OR =0.179) and those whose parents contacted with their teachers frequently(OR =0.362) had less possibilities to attach behavior problems.Conclusion The detectable rate of behavior problems among Hui nationality left-behind Children between 6 andl5 years old in Ningxia is higher,and the correlative factors are complex.
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Objective To study the measure and two-year effects of cognitive-behavior therapy on adolescent with internet addiction disorder(IAD). Methods 76 cases with IAD were divided to randomized controlled trial, then 38 cases in each group. But 36 cases ( lost 2 cases) were completed in follow-up study group and control group of 34 cases (lost 2 cases). There were various forms of cognitive behavioral intervention in two years.The Chinese Internet Addiction Scale( CIAS), Symptom Gheck List-90 (SCL-90) scale and Coping Style Questionnaire(CSQ) were adapted to evaluate the effects when the cognitive-behavior therapy was started, after treatment at 2 months, 12 months, 18 months, 24 months respectively assessment for 5 times. Results The scores of CIAS in the study group were significantly lower than that of the control group( (43.53 ± 10. 37 ), (53.06 ± 5.40),(47.56 ± 10.02) ,(53.50 ±5.28) ,(42.68 ±6.23), (54.02 ±6.49), P＜0.05 or P＜0. 01 ) and decreased obviously with the extension of time (F= 14. 464, P＜ 0. 01; F= 0. 537, P＞ 0.05 ). Problem-solving and help factor of CSQ in the study group were significantly higher than that of control group( (0.82 ± 0. 11 ), ( 0.62 ± 0. 48 ), (0.78 ±0.12),(0.65 ±0.38) ,(0.90±0.28),(0.62 ±0. 37)); (0. 68 ±0.41), (0.45 ±0.29),(0. 74 ±0. 30),(0.45 ± 0. 11 ), (0.79 ± 0. 33 ), (0.46 ± 0. 18 ) ) and self-blame, fantasy , withdrawal factors were significantly lower than it((0. 21 ±0. 13),(0.40 ±0.27), (0.24 ±0.06),(0. 38 ±0. 19), (0.25 ±0.16),(0.42 ±0.24) );( (0.27 ±0.02) ,(0.45 ±0.27) ,(0.31 ±0.09) ,(0.44 ±0.28) ,(0.30 ±0.24) ,(0.46 ±0.19) ;(0.42 ±0.05),(0.54 ±0.33),(0.34 ±0.17),(0.55 ±0.29),(0.31 ±0. 19),(0.50 ±0.30), P＜0.05 or P＜0. 01 ). There were significant differences of SCL-90 total score between the study group and the control group at 4 times for evaluation ( ( 142.25 ± 30.44), ( 182.56 ± 36.23 ), ( 175.36 ± 26.44 ), ( 191.56 ± 38.32 ), ( 163.36 ±29.21),(196.75±35.46),(143.33±21.35),(194.11 ±28.19), P＜0. 05 orP＜0.01). Conclusion Developed cognitive-behavior therapy has obvious effects on the adolescents with IAD in two years.
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In this paper, we investigated five model counties for their application of medical technologies to explore the mechanism for sustainable development of appropriate medical technologies in rural areas of Ningxia, The investigation involved the governmental role at all levels in the choice of appropriate technologies, the funding system, the stimulation system and the evaluation system.
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Objective To explore the relationships between life events,automatic thoughts,coping style and internet addiction disorder(IAD) of adolescent . Methods 54 cases of the IAD were assessed with the Adolescent Self-rating Life Events,Automatic Thought questionnaire and Coping Style questionnaire. Results Life events, automatic thoughts,and coping style were significantly correlated with IAD (r =0.312,r =0.325,r =0.295) ( P <0.01).There were significant correlations between life events and automatic thought, life events and coping style(r =0.554,r =0.392) ( P <0.01).The multiple linear stepwise regression revealed that only life events entered on the regression equation when the score of IAD server as dependent variable. Conclusion There may be three ways that life events influence in IAD:life events influence in IAD directly,life events influence in IAD by the mediators,automatic thought and coping style indirectly.Automatic thoughts and life events is not a necessary condition that led to internet addiction and life events may be influence in IAD by other ways.